Cataracts 101: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Cataracts are one of the most common eye conditions, especially among older adults. They develop when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, leading to blurred vision and, if untreated, significant vision impairment. Understanding cataracts, their causes, symptoms, and available treatment options can help individuals take proactive steps in maintaining their eye health.
 

What Causes Cataracts?

Cataracts occur when proteins in the eye’s lens break down and clump together, forming cloudy areas. This process is often a result of aging, but several factors can contribute to their development, including:

• Aging – The most common cause of cataracts, as the eye's lens naturally changes over time.

• Genetics – A family history of cataracts can increase the likelihood of developing them.

• Diabetes – High blood sugar levels can accelerate lens changes, leading to cataracts.

• Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure – Prolonged exposure to UV rays from the sun can contribute to lens damage.

• Smoking and Alcohol Use – These lifestyle factors can increase the risk of cataract formation.

• Eye Injuries or Surgery – Trauma to the eye or previous eye surgery can lead to cataracts.

• Certain Medications – Long-term use of corticosteroids and some other medications may increase cataract risk.
   

Why Routine Eye Exams Matter 

Regular eye exams are essential for the early detection of cataracts and other vision-threatening conditions. Many eye diseases, including cataracts, develop gradually and may not cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages. Routine comprehensive eye exams allow eye care professionals to identify subtle changes in vision and lens clarity before they significantly impact daily life. Early detection enables timely intervention, whether through lifestyle adjustments, prescription changes, or planning for future treatment options like cataract surgery.
 

Common Symptoms of Cataracts

Cataracts typically develop slowly, and symptoms may not be noticeable at first. As they progress, individuals may experience:

• Blurred or cloudy vision

• Sensitivity to light and glare

• Difficulty seeing at night

• Faded or yellowed colors

• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions

• Halos around lights

• Double vision in one eye
   

If you notice any of these symptoms, scheduling an eye exam is essential for early diagnosis and treatment.
 

Treatment Options for Cataracts

While cataracts cannot be reversed, treatment options depend on the severity of vision impairment. In the early stages, cataract symptoms can often be managed with:

• Updated eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions

• Anti-glare lenses or coatings

• Brighter lighting for reading and close-up tasks

• Sunglasses that block UV rays to slow progression
   

However, as cataracts progress and begin to interfere with daily activities, surgery may be necessary. Cataract surgery is the only effective way to remove cataracts and restore clear vision. The procedure involves replacing the cloudy lens with a clear, artificial intraocular lens (IOL). Modern advancements in cataract surgery make it a highly successful and low-risk procedure, with most patients experiencing significant vision improvement shortly after recovery.
 

Cataract Prevention Tips

Although cataracts are often age-related, certain lifestyle habits can help slow their progression:

• Wear sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection.

• Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, such as leafy greens and citrus fruits.

• Manage health conditions like diabetes that may contribute to cataract development.

• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
   

Schedule an Eye Exam at Keelan Eyecare Today

Cataracts are a common but treatable condition. Early detection through regular eye exams can help slow progression and ensure timely intervention when needed. If you’re experiencing vision changes or have concerns about cataracts, don’t wait until your daily activities are affected.
 

At Keelan Eyecare, we provide comprehensive eye exams and personalized cataract evaluations to help you maintain clear, healthy vision. Visit our office in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, or call (732) 458-4800 to schedule an appointment today.